Ionian philosophers

As a result of the rapid development of Greek society and changes in economic and political life in the so-called. the period of archaic Greece (lata 800 – 500 p.n.e.) there has also been progress in the field of spiritual culture. Interested, as a result of colonization outside the city-state, and transformations, in the Greek world over the past two centuries, made the Greeks aware of the need for deeper reflection, looking for explanations for the processes taking place in nature, as well as answers to questions about the essence of being. Religion could no longer satisfy the thirst for knowledge, whose cosmological concept was closely related to the world of gods. Greek philosophical thought arose in the environment of Ionian cities, and its pioneer was Thales of Miletus (ok. 625 – 545 p.n.e.). In his search for the primordial principle of all things, he came to a conclusion, that the basic element, of which the whole world is made up, there is water. His apprentice Anaximander (ok. 610-547 p.n.e.), creator of the sundial, he rejected the concept of the elements as an ancient principle. He considered the infinite and indefinite element apeiron to be the basic matter of the universe, from which reality was to arise, that is, everything, what is defined. Anaximenes (ok. 585 – 528 p.n.e.) he considered, that the origin of all things is air. Its thickening or thinning caused the creation of everything, even a human. Heraclitus operating in Ephesus (ok. 544 – 484 p.n.e ), called "dark" because of the ambiguity and complexity of its arguments”, He considered fire to be the basic component of the world. Heraclitus also undertook a broad study of the human soul, unlike its Milesian predecessors.